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  • Can polyelectrolytes be used with inorganic coagulants?
  • So, organic polyelectrolytes were introduced in conjunction with inorganic coagulants for the treatment of water and wastewater. The optimum dosage of polyelectrolytes in all kinds of water and industrial wastewater can be very low if it will be used in conjunction with inorganic coagulants.
  • What are organic polyelectrolytes?
  • Polyelectrolytes are those polymers which are water soluble and carrying ionic charge. Organic polyelectrolytes were introduced into environment engineering because of its potentials. Polyelectrolytes are used successfully in water and wastewater treatment (Lee et al. 1998 ).
  • Which polyelectrolyte is used in water treatment?
  • Synthetic polyelectrolyte namely non-ionic PAM has also been used in water treatment (Selvapathy and Reddy 1992 ). It consists of 1–3% anionic group as in case of PAM, where they are prepared by hydrolysis of amide groups under controlled conditions.
  • Are polyampholytes useful for water treatment?
  • Literature review reveals that polyampholytes have very little utility for water treatment (Bratby 2006 ). According to literature, cationic polyelectrolytes have been most widely used as primary coagulants, however non-ionic and anionic polyelectrolytes are mostly used as flocculants (Bratby 2006 ).