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  • Does adding new PHPA reduce viscosity?
  • Adding new PHPA may reduce viscosity by steric stabilization if the problem of the solid is not out of hand. If too much solids surface is generated, adding new PHPA will only increase the viscosity further by bridging the flocculation of the solids in the system. The key is never to let PHP A deplete or allow low-gravity solids to exceed 5 vol %.
  • Why does PHPA have a high viscosifying power?
  • PHPA has high viscosifying power due to its high molecular weight and the electrostatic repulsion of the carboxylate groups present in its structure, which provide a higher hydrodynamic volume in solution, increasing the viscosity of the polymeric solution ( Kamal et al., 2015a; Leblanc et al., 2015; Li et al., 2017 ).
  • Does PHPA reduce mud viscosity?
  • The addition of 1.0 lbm/bbl [2.9 kg/m3] PHP A reduced the free water to the point that the mud viscosity was excessive. This same mud operating at 15.3lbm/gal [1830 kg/m3] exhibited a normal viscosity. In retrospect, PHPA should have been added in stages and allowed to circulate several times between each stage to avoid these excessive viscosities.
  • What is a viscosity index improver?
  • Viscosity index improvers, VIIs, are comprised of five main classes of polymers: polymethylmethacrylates (PMAs), olefin copolymers (OCPs), hydrogenated poly (styrene-co-butadiene or isoprene) (HSD/SIP/HRIs), esterified polystyrene-co-maleic anhydride (SPEs) and a combination of PMA/OCP systems.