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  • What are polyacrylamide based flocculants?
  • Polyacrylamide-based flocculants constitute the most important group of water-soluble polymers commercially applied in harvesting freshwater and marine microalgae from their suspensions. This is primarily due to the high reactivity, hydrophilic nature and relatively low costs associated with their monomer acrylamide .
  • Are polyacrylamide flocculants toxic?
  • While most polyacrylamide flocculants are stable and non-toxic, some may leave behind acrylamide residues that are anticipated to be neurotoxic, potentially carcinogenic and generally exhibit high toxicity towards aquatic life .
  • Are cationic polyacrylamides effective at a fixed flocculant dose?
  • The efficiency of four high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamides FO 4450, FO 4650, FO 4800 and FO 4990 at a fixed flocculant dose was analyzed by Garzon-Sanabria et al. on marine microalgae Nannochloropsis salina cultures in the presence and absence of algogenic organic matter.
  • Which polyacrylamide variants require a lower flocculant dose?
  • Polyacrylamide variants with low charge densities below 25 mol% and medium charge densities below 45 mol% required dramatically lower flocculant doses between 1.66 mg/L to 5 mg/L to achieve harvesting efficiencies surpassing 50%.